Knowledge of Hepatitis B Vaccine and Vaccination Status of Theatre Personnel at ATBUTH, Bauchi.

BACKGROUND: Hepatitis B virus infection affects millions of people worldwide and is transmitted vertically and through contact with infected blood or body fluids. Frontline Healthcare workers are at increased risk of contracting HBV infection and the HBV vaccine is a crucial preventive measure recommended by WHO to safeguard healthcare workers. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the awareness and knowledge of hepatitis B virus infection, to evaluate current vaccination status among theatre personnel, and to identify factors influencing vaccine uptake. METHODOLOGY: This is a cross-sectional study conducted among 85 theatre personnel of ATBUTH Bauchi. Convenience sampling method was used to select participants, each participant gave consent to participate in this study. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data, which was analysed using SPSS version 25. RESULT: Hepatitis B virus vaccine is safe according to 85% of respondents, 92% agreed that they would recommend the vaccine to other surgical staff and that it should be given as part of workplace safety. However, only 33% of respondents had completed their vaccination, while 31% had not started. The main reasons given for not being vaccinated were because they had no time to attend and did not know about the vaccine or did not have enough information regarding it. CONCLUSION: The majority of study respondents were aware of and had a good knowledge of HBV and its' vaccine. However, vaccination status is very low among theatre personnel of ATBUTH Bauchi. Healthcare workers should be enlightened about the benefits of the HBV vaccine.

CONTEXTE: L'infection par le virus de l'hépatite B affecte des millions de personnes dans le monde et est transmise verticalement et par contact avec du sang infecté ou des liquides biologiques infectés. Les travailleurs de la santé de première ligne sont plus susceptibles de contracter une infection par le VHB et le vaccin contre le VHB est une mesure préventive cruciale recommandée par l'OMS pour protéger les travailleurs de la santé. OBJECTIFS: Enquêter sur la sensibilisation et les connaissances de l'infection par le virus de l'hépatite B, évaluer le statut de vaccination actuel parmi le personnel du théâtre, et identifier les facteurs influençant l'acceptation du vaccin. MÉTHODOLOGIE: Il s'agit d'une étude transversale menée auprès de 85 membres du personnel du théâtre de l'ATBUTH Bauchi. La méthode d'échantillonnage de convenance a été utilisée pour sélectionner les participants, chaque participant ayant donné son consentement pour participer à cette étude. Un questionnaire structuré a été utilisé pour collecter les données, qui ont été analysées à l'aide du logiciel SPSS version 25. RÉSULTAT: Selon 85 % des répondants, le vaccin contre le virus de l'hépatite B est sûr, 92 % ont convenu qu'ils recommanderaient le vaccin à d'autres membres du personnel chirurgical et qu'il devrait être administré dans le cadre de la sécurité au travail. Cependant, seuls 33 % des répondants avaient terminé leur vaccination, tandis que 31 % n'avaient pas commencé. Les principales raisons données pour ne pas être vaccinées étaient qu'elles n'avaient pas le temps d'assister et ne connaissaient pas le vaccin ou n'avaient pas suffisamment d'informations à ce sujet. CONCLUSION: La majorité des répondants de l'étude étaient conscients et avaient une bonne connaissance du VHB et de son vaccin. Cependant, le statut de vaccination est très faible parmi le personnel du théâtre de l'ATBUTH Bauchi. Les travailleurs de la santé devraient être informés des avantages du vaccin contre le VHB. MOTS-CLÉS: Hépatite B, Statut de vaccination, Personnel du théâtre, Bauchi.

Typhoid Fever Presenting with Ileal Perforation and Gastric Perforation.

Typhoid fever is caused by Salmonella typhi and Salmonella paratyphi. It is a disease of developing countries and is seen among people of low socio-economic status. Patients can develop complications like typhoid intestinal perforation which is associated with higher mortality. A 15-year-old female presented to the emergency pediatric unit with fever, abdominal pain and abdominal distension. She was septic, in respiratory distress, and had marked generalized abdominal tenderness with guarding. An assessment of generalized peritonitis secondary to typhoid intestinal perforation was made. She had exploratory laparotomy with intra-operative findings of ileal perforation and gastric perforation. She had repair of the intestinal and gastric perforations. Our patient presented late with concurrent use of NSAIDs and overwhelming sepsis which likely contributed to the gastric perforation as this is not a usual finding in patients with typhoid intestinal perforation. Gastric perforation is an unusual finding in patients with typhoid intestinal perforation. Typhoid fever and its complications can be easily prevented by the provision of safe water, proper facilities for sanitation, and practicing good hygiene.

La fièvre typhoïde est causée par Salmonella typhi et Salmonella paratyphi. C'est une maladie des pays en développement et elle est observée chez les personnes de bas niveau socio-économique. Les patients peuvent développer des complications telles que la perforation intestinale typhoïdique, associée à une mortalité plus élevée. Une adolescente de 15 ans s'est présentée à l'unité de pédiatrie d'urgence avec de la fièvre, des douleurs abdominales et une distension abdominale. Elle était septique, en détresse respiratoire, et présentait une sensibilité abdominale généralisée marquée avec une défense. Une évaluation d'une péritonite généralisée secondaire à une perforation intestinale typhoïdique a été réalisée. Elle a subi une laparotomie exploratrice révélant une perforation iléale et une perforation gastrique. Des réparations ont été effectuées sur les perforations intestinales et gastriques. Notre patiente s'est présentée tardivement avec une utilisation concomitante d'AINS et une septicémie sévère, ce qui a probablement contribué à la perforation gastrique, car cela n'est pas une découverte habituelle chez les patients atteints de perforation intestinale typhoïdique. La perforation gastrique est une découverte inhabituelle chez les patients atteints de perforation intestinale typhoïdique. La fièvre typhoïde et ses complications peuvent être facilement prévenues par la fourniture d'eau potable, d'installations sanitaires adéquates et en pratiquant une bonne hygiène MOTS-CLÉS: fièvre typhoïde, perforation intestinale, perforation gastrique.

Exstrophy anomalies: preliminary review of 18 cases in Maiduguri, North-Eastern Nigeria.

BACKGROUND: Exstrophy anomalies, although rare, pose a tremendous challenge to both surgeons and surrogates. Management is intricate and experience with large members is restricted to a few centres worldwide. This report is a review of 18 cases of these anomalies managed in University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital (UMTH) over 8 years, highlighting the intricacies of management, and contributes to the existing data bank on this subject matter in our environment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed the records of all cases of anomalies that were managed in the index hospital from December 2002 to December 2010. RESULTS: Eighteen cases were studied. The youngest was a 2-day-old neonate and the oldest was 6 years at repair, with a median age of 4 months. There were 7 boys and 9 girls with bladder exstrophy, and the remaining two were girls with cloacal exstrophy, giving a male-female ratio of 7:11 for the exstrophy anomalies. Eight patients (33.5%) had associated congenital anomalies; 16.7% had undescended testes (UDT), anorectal malformation (ARM) and patent processus vaginalis (PPV); and duplicate bladder occurred in 5.6% of the patients. All but one patient had bilateral posterior iliac osteotomy at bladder closure. Out of the 17 patients that had osteotomy, 76.5% had satisfactory bladder closure (no complication), 5.9% had superficial wound dehiscence, 11.8% had bladder neck dehiscence and 5.9% had complete disruption. The lone patient that did not undergo osteotomy had complete bladder dehiscence. Postoperative immobilization was done for 3 weeks for 16 cases; one was discontinued after 1 week because of complication. The longest follow-up was for 2 years and the shortest for 2 weeks. Four patients (22.2%) did not turn up for follow-up. CONCLUSION: Exstrophy anomalies although rare remain a major challenge in paediatric surgery. Iliac osteotomy, among other technical considerations, remains a cornerstone for successful bladder closure.

Exstrophy Anomalies: Preliminary Review of 18 Cases in Maiduguri; North-Eastern Nigeria

Background: Exstrophy anomalies; although rare; pose a tremendous challenge to both surgeons and surrogates. Management is intricate and experience with large members is restricted to a few centres worldwide. This report is a review of 18 cases of these anomalies managed in University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital (UMTH) over 8 years; highlighting the intricacies of management; and contributes to the existing data bank on this subject matter in our environment. Materials and Methods: We reviewed the records of all cases of anomalies that were managed in the index hospital from December 2002 to December 2010. Results: Eighteen cases were studied. The youngest was a 2-day-old neonate and the oldest was 6 years at repair; with a median age of 4 months. There were 7 boys and 9 girls with bladder exstrophy; and the remaining two were girls with cloacal exstrophy; giving a male-female ratio of 7:11 for the exstrophy anomalies. Eight patients (33.5) had associated congenital anomalies; 16.7 had undescended testes (UDT); anorectal malformation (ARM) and patent processus vaginalis (PPV); and duplicate bladder occurred in 5.6 of the patients. All but one patient had bilateral posterior iliac osteotomy at bladder closure. Out of the 17 patients that had osteotomy; 76.5 had satisfactory bladder closure (no complication); 5.9 had superficial wound dehiscence; 11.8 had bladder neck dehiscence and 5.9 had complete disruption. The lone patient that did not undergo osteotomy had complete bladder dehiscence. Postoperative immobilization was done for 3 weeks for 16 cases; one was discontinued after 1 week because of complication. The longest follow-up was for 2 years and the shortest for 2 weeks. Four patients (22.2) did not turn up for follow-up. Conclusion: Exstrophy anomalies although rare remain a major challenge in paediatric surgery. Iliac osteotomy; among other technical considerations; remains a cornerstone for successful bladder closure